Amsterdam ended 2021 as Europe's top share trading venue, holding its lead over London despite efforts by the British financial centre to make its equity markets more attractive after Brexit.

Brexit has consequences. According to the boss of Europe’s largest exchange group, one of them is that London is no longer the region's dominant financial center. But that's not the worst of it.

Stock market listings outside of London are the 'new normal', Stephane Boujnah said, citing Ryanair favouring Dublin trading over London

Pan-European exchange Euronext said on Monday it will clear all trades on its newly acquired Italian platform by 2024, helping the European Union cut its reliance on the London Stock Exchange for core financial activities after Brexit.

Securities settlement for Irish assets worth more than 100 billion euros ($119 billion) has left London for the European Union in the latest adjustment in markets to Brexit.

The French capital has gained one year on from Brexit, but cities such as Dublin, Amsterdam and Frankfurt have also emerged as winners.

The boss of Europe’s largest exchange group took a swipe at the UK capital, saying Brexit means it is no longer Europe’s dominant financial center.

Ryanair announced that it has stopped trading on the LSE’s main market from 8am this morning, while maintaining a primary listing on Dublin’s Euronext.

Rule changes and high costs have been cited for the move, leaving the Irish airline listed solely on the Euronext Dublin exchange.